Viral Vectors:

            Adeno viruses

            Adeno associated viruses.

            Retroviral vectors.

            Herpes Virus

Non Viral vectors:

            Naked DNA injection.

            Electroportation          

            Gene Gun

            Lipososomes

            Polymer DNA complexes

Potential orthopedic uses:

Heriditary disorders:

• Osteogenesis imperfecta,
• familial osteoarthritis,
• osteopetrosis,
• some crystal arthropathies,
• certain forms of osteoporosis,
• muscular dystrophy
• mucopolysaccharidosis,
• hemophilia,
• Marfan's syndrome,
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome,
• and other connective tissue hereditary disorders

Acquired disorders:

• Arthritis,
• collagen diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and others),
• cartilage damage,
• ligament and tendon repair,
• fractures (especially delayed union, nonunion, and spinal fusion),
•  infections such as TB and coccidiodomycosis,
• some forms of osteoporosis,
• osteosarcomas
• and other tumors